Baltimore and the Nineteenth of April - Index-End



INDEX.

A 
Acton, regiment mustered in, 42. 
Allen, E. J., dispatches addressed to, 131. 
American, The, on the Baltimore riot of 1861, 65; account of the Putnam 
Phalanx in Baltimore, 160--167; on the reception of the Sixth 
Massachusetts Regiment in Baltimore, 167--170. 
Andrew, Gov. J. A., correspondence with Mayor Brown, 54, 55. 
Arkansas, secession of, 33. 

B 
Baltimore, unjust prejudice against, 13, 19; supposed conspiracy in, 14, 
15, 120; slaveholders in, 30; Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in, 42---53, 
167--170; excitement on 20th April, 60, 61, 64; defense of, 63; 
apprehension of bloodshed in, 75; armed neutrality, 77; Gen. Butler's 
entrance into, 84; Gen. Dix's headquarters in, 100, 101; Mayor's message 
to City Council, 157--159; reception of Putnam Phalanx in, 160--166. 
Banks, Gen. N. P., in command, 97; arrests police commissioners of 
Baltimore, 98, 99; Secretary Cameron's letter to, 102; General McClellan's 
letter to, 102. 
Bartol, Judge, imprisonment of, 94. 
Belger, Major, comes to Baltimore, 73. 
Bell, Presidential vote for, 25. 
Black, Judge, on martial law, 93. 
Blackstone on the right of imprisonment, 147, 149. 
Bond's, Judge, errand to Lincoln, 57, 61. 
Boston, slave-traffic in, 20; regiment mustered in, 42. 
Brand, Rev. William F., efforts for emancipation, 113. 
Breckinridge, Presidential vote for, 25. 
Brown, Geo. Wm., meets the Massachusetts Sixth in Baltimore, 48, 49; 
Captain Dike on, 54; correspondence with Gov. Andrew, 54, 55; speech to 
the excited public, 56; writes to President Lincoln about passage of 
troops through Baltimore, 57, 61, 62; interview with President Lincoln, 
71--75; General Butler's letter to, 83, 84; petitions Congress to restore 
peace to city, 99; arrest of, 102, 103, 108; correspondence with General 
Dix, 104--108; parole offered to, 110, 111; anti-slavery principles of, 
113; opposed to secession, 115; on the tendencies of the age, 117, 118; 
message to City Council, 157--159; speech to the Putnam Phalanx, 160--163; 
speech to the survivors of the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, 169, 170.

Page 172 

Brown, John, reverence for in the North, 21. 
Brune, Frederick W., efforts for emancipation, 113. 
Brune, John C., message to President Lincoln, 57, 61; accompanies Mayor to 
Washington, 71; elected to General Assembly, 79. 
Bush River Bridge partially burned to prevent ingress of troops, 58, 59 
Butler, Gen., and the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, 76; at the Relay 
House, 83; rumor of an attack on his camp, 83, 84; enters Baltimore, 84; 
arrests Ross Winans, 87. 
Byrne, Wm., denounces the North, 38. 

C 
Cadwallader, General, and the writ of habeas corpus, 88, 140. 
Cameron, Simon, advice to Governor Hicks to restrain Maryland, 40; on the 
obstruction of Northern Central bridge, 73; letter to Gen. Banks, 102. 
Carmichael, Judge, assaulted and imprisoned, 93. 
Carr, W. C. N., speaks at States Rights meeting, 38, 39. 
Cheston, G., efforts for emancipation, 113. 
Christison, Wenlock, a Quaker, owns slaves, 21. 
Clark, John, advances money for defense of city, 61. 
Crawford, William, Kane's letter to, 40. 
Crowley, Comrade, of the Massachusetts Sixth, speech in Baltimore, 1880, 
167. 
Curtis, Benj. R., Life of, quotation about Judge Taney, 91. 
Cutter, B. L., release from arrest, 109. 

D 
Davis, Jefferson, elected President of the Confederacy, 32. 
Davis, John W., police commissioner of Baltimore, 35, 49; errand to Fort 
McHenry, 66, 67, 68. 
Davis, Judge, doubts the rumors of conspiracy, 132, 133. 
Davis, Robert W., killed, 52. 
De Tocqueville, on public opinion in America, 117. 
Dike, Capt. J. H., company attacked in Baltimore, 46; testifies as to the 
conduct of Baltimore civil authority during the riot, 53, 54. 
Dimick, Col. J., releases prisoners from Fort Warren, 108; kind treatment 
of prisoners, 111. 
Dix, General, headquarters in Baltimore, 101; correspondence with Mayor 
Brown, 104--108. 
Dix, Miss, relates a Confederate plot, 13. 
Dobbin, Geo. W., errand to Lincoln, 57, 61; accompanies the Mayor to 
Washington, 71. 
Douglas, S. A., Senatorial campaign, 22; Presidential vote for, 25. 
Dred Scott Case, 138. 

E 
Evans, H. D., his code for Liberia, 31. 

F 
Felton, C. C., on the "Baltimore Plot," 18. 
Felton, Samuel M., on the supposed conspiracy, 13--18, 129--133; advises 
Massachusetts Sixth to load their guns, 43; engages spies, 120. 
Ferrandini, Captain, suspected of conspiracy to assassinate President 
Lincoln, 122--129.

Page 173 

Follansbee, Capt., company attacked in Baltimore, 46, 49. 
Fort McHenry, apprehended attack on, 66, 69. 
Fort Sumter, bombardment of, 32. 
Franciscus, in the car with Lincoln, 133. 

G 
Garrett's, John W., dispatch to Mayor Brown concerning advance of troops 
to Cockeysville, 73, 74, 75. 
Gatchell, Wm. H., police commissioner of Baltimore, 35; release from 
arrest, 109. 
Giles, Judge, issues writ of habeas corpus to Major Morris, 87. 
Gill, George M., meets the Massachusetts Sixth, 48; counsel for John 
Merryman, 87. 
Goodwin, Major Horace, commands Putnam Phalanx, 160; his appearance, 163. 
Greeley, Horace, on the conduct of the Baltimore authorities, 76, 77. 
Groton, regiment mustered in, 42. 
Gunpowder River Bridge partially burned, 58. 

H 
Habeas corpus case, 87, 139--156. 
Hall, Thomas W., release from arrest, 109. 
Hallam's Constitutional History, extract from, 151. 
Halleck, Gen., in Baltimore, 101. 
Harris, J. Morrison, errand to the Capital, 63. 
Harrison, Wm. G., elected to General Assembly, 80; released from arrest, 
108. 
Hart, Capt., company attacked in Baltimore, 46. 
Herndon, Wm. H., comments on Lincoln's senatorial campaign speech, 23; 
reports of plot furnished to, 122. 
Hicks, T. H., Governor of Maryland, 34; proclamation of, 40; speech before 
excited public, 56; writes to Lincoln not to pass troops through 
Baltimore, 57, 61; suggests mediation between North and South by Lord 
Lyons, 76; convenes General Assembly, 79; letter to E. H. Webster, 128. 
Hilliard, suspected of conspiracy, 122, 123. 
Hinks, Chas. D., police commissioner of Baltimore, 35; released from 
arrest, 99. 
Hopkins, Johns, advances money for city defense, 61. 
Howard, Charles, police commissioner of Baltimore, 35; apprehends attack 
on Fort McHenry, 66, 67; report on the state of city, 80, 81; release from 
arrest, 108. 
Howard, F. K., release from arrest, 109. 
Huger, General, made Colonel of 53d Regiment, 66. 
Hull, Rob't, release from arrest, 109. 
Hyde, Sir Nicholas, on the writ of habeas corpus, 150. 

J 
Jefferson, Thomas, and writ of habeas corpus, 141. 
Johnson, Capt. B. T., arrives in Baltimore, 64; hasty dispatch from 
Marshal Kane, 69, 70. 
Jones, Col. Edmund F., passage through Baltimore, 43; on the Massachusetts 
Sixth in Baltimore, 46, 47, 48, 51; letter to Marshal Kane, 54.

Page 174 

Judd, N. B., with Lincoln in Philadelphia, 16; hears of conspiracy in 
Baltimore, 128--133. 

K 
Kane, Marshal George P., investigates supposed plot, 15; head of Baltimore 
police, 35; letter to Crawford, 40; keeps order at Camden Station, 48; 
attempts to quell Baltimore mob, 51, 53; Col. Jones's gratitude to, 54; 
hasty dispatch to Johnson, 69, 70; after the war elected Sheriff and 
subsequently Mayor, 70; arrest of, 97; release from arrest, 109. 
Keim, Gen., arrests John Merryman, 87, 140. 
Kenly, John R., supersedes Marshal Kane, 97. 
Kennedy, Anthony, errand to the Capital, 63. 
Kennedy, John P., on the attitude of Border States, 31, 32. 
Kentucky, temporary neutrality of, 34. 
Keys, John S., letter from Mayor Brown to, 110, 111. 
Kinney, Mr., receives Lincoln in Philadelphia, 134. 

L 
Lamon, Colonel W. H., on Lincoln's midnight ride, 19, 120--137; on Lincoln-
Douglas campaign, 22; ride with Lincoln, 133. 
Latrobe, John H. B., President of Maryland Colonization Society, 31. 
Lawrence, Massachusetts, regiment mustered in, 42. 
Lee, Colonel, on Gen. Cadwallader's errand to Judge Taney, 88. 
Lewis, Mr., in the car with Lincoln, 133. 
Lincoln, President, alleged conspiracy against, in Maryland, 11--15, 121--
137; midnight ride to Washington, 17, 19, 120; Senatorial campaign with 
Douglas, 22; differs from Seward, 24; election to Presidency, 25; calls 
out the militia, 32; letter to Gov. Hicks, 62; Mayor Brown writes to, 
concerning passage of troops through Baltimore, 57, 61; Mayor Brown's 
interview with, 71--75. 
Lowell, Massachusetts, regiment mustered in, 42. 
Luckett, suspected of conspiracy, 122--127. 
Lyons, Lord, suggested as mediator between North and South, 76; Secretary 
Seward's boast of his authority to, 91. 

M 
Macgill, Dr. Charles, release from arrest, 109. 
Marshall, Chief Justice, on habeas corpus, 153, 154. 
Maryland, rumors of conspiracy in, 11, 12, 13; slavery in, 20, 30; 
Lincoln's call for militia, how received in, 33; excitement, 40, 41. 
Mason, James M., sent from Virginia to negotiate with Maryland, 84. 
Massachusetts, Minute Men, 11; slavery in, 20; Eighth Regiment, 76; Sixth 
Regiment, 42, 167--170. 
May, Henry, M. C., arrest of, 103. 
McClellan, General, letter to General Banks, 102. 
McComas, Sergeant, removes obstruction from railway track in Baltimore, 
49. 
McHenry, Ramsay, efforts for emancipation, 113.

Page 175 

Merryman, John, arrest of, 87, 88, 154; charges against unfounded, 90. 
Morfit, H. M., elected to General Assembly, 79. 
Morris, Major, refuses to obey writ of habeas corpus, 87. 

N 
Negro. See Slavery. 
Newport, slave-traffic in, 20. 
Nicolay, George, on Lincoln's midnight ride, 132. 
North Carolina, secession of, 33. 

O 
O'Donnell, Columbus, advances money for city defense, 61. 

P 
Parker, Edward P., General Butler's aide-de-camp, 83. 
Patapsco Dragoons, arrival in Baltimore, 64. 
Pemberton, Major, leads U. S. Artillery through Baltimore, 36. 
Pennsylvania troops in Baltimore, 44, 53; at Cockeysville, 75. 
Phillips, Wendell, on States Rights, 26. 
Pickering, Captain, company opposed in Baltimore, 46. 
Pikesville, arsenal taken possession of, 65. 
Pitts, Charles H., elected to General Assembly, 80. 
Putnam Phalanx of Hartford in Baltimore, 160--166. 
Putnam's Record of the Rebellion, quotation from, 38. 

R 
Revolution, right of, 26--29. 
Robinson, Dr. Alex. C., Chairman of States Rights Convention, 38. 
Robinson, General John C., on Baltimore in 1861, 66, 69, 81, 82, 83. 

S 
Sanford, plans Lincoln's midnight ride, 131. 
Sangston, L., elected to General Assembly, 80. 
Scharf's History of Maryland quoted, 35, 37, 78, 103. 
Scott, General, on the passage of troops through Baltimore, 62, 72, 75. 
Scott, T. Parkin, sympathizes with the South, 38, 39; elected Judge after 
the war, 39; elected to General Assembly, 79; release from arrest, 108. 
Seward, Secretary, position before Presidential Convention, 24; boasts of 
his authority, 91; sends news of supposed conspiracy to Lincoln, 130, 134. 
Slavery, compromises of Constitution in regard to, 20--22; Geo. Wm. Brown 
opposed to, 113; some good effects of, 114. 
Small, Colonel, leads Pennsylvania regiment, 42. 
South Carolina, secession of, 31. 
Steuart, Dr. Richard S., efforts for emancipation, 113. 
Story, Justice, on habeas corpus, 152, 153. 
Stuart, Captain, speech in Baltimore, 163--166. 
Sumner, Colonel, offers to accompany President Lincoln to Washington, 132, 
133. 
Sun, The, on the offer of service by colored people, 65, 66; on the 
suffering of Pennsylvania troops in Baltimore County, 76; Reception of 6th 
Massachusetts Regiment in Baltimore, 167--170.

Page 176 

T 
Taney, Chief Justice, on negro rights, 21, 138; habeas corpus case ex 
parte John Merryman, 87--93, 139-156. 
Tennessee, secession of, 33. 
Thomas, Dr. J. Hanson, elected to General Assembly, 79. 
Trimble, Colonel I. R., defense of Baltimore, 63. 
Trist, N. P., news of conspiracy communicated to, 14. 
Turner, Capt., suspected of conspiracy, 124--126. 

U 
Union Convention called, 92. 

V 
Virginia, secession of, 33; sends Mason to negotiate with Maryland, 84. 

W 
Wallis, S. Teackle, legal adviser to Baltimore police commission, 35; 
speech to the excited public, 56; accompanies the Mayor to Washington, 71; 
elected to the General Assembly, 79; release from arrest, 108, 109. 
Warfield, Henry M., elected to General Assembly, 79; release from arrest, 
108. 
Warner, Major J. P., commands Baltimore City Guards, 160. 
Washburne, Mr., meets President Lincoln at Washington Depot, 136. 
Watson, Major, company attacked in Baltimore, 45. 
Webster, E. H., Gov. Hicks's letter to, 128. 
Whitefield, the Calvinist, owns slaves, 21. 
Williams, George H., counsel for John Merryman, 87. 
Winans, Ross, denounces passage of troops through Baltimore, 37; elected 
to General Assembly, 79; arrested by Gen. Butler's order, 87. 
Winder, Wm. H., release from arrest, 109. 
Wood, Fernando, tries to make New York a free city, 31. 
Wool, General, checks arbitrary arrest, 109. 
Worcester, regiment mustered in, 42.




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                        The Republic of New Haven.

                    A History of Municipal Evolution.

                      By CHARLES H. LEVERMORE, Ph. D.

          Follow in History, 1884--85, Johns Hopkins University.

This work is a new study, from original records, of a most remarkable 
chapter of municipal development. Beginning with an English germ in the 
Parish of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, London, Dr. Levermore has traced 
the evolution of the Rev. John Davenport's church into a veritable 
commonwealth, in which the life-forces of Old England circulate anew.

The Republic of New Haven is unique and one of the most interesting of all 
American commonwealths. It was a city-state, self-contained, self-
sufficing, like the municipal commonwealths of antiquity. It is impossible 
to measure the greatness of Greek cities or of the Italian republics by 
their extent of territory. It is equally impossible to estimate the 
colonial and municipal life of America by any standards of material 
greatness. And yet few persons realize how far-reaching in American 
History is the influence of a single town like New Haven. Not to speak of 
the intellectual forces which have gone forth from that local republic, 
from its vigorous church-life and from Yale College, born of the Church, 
New Haven, like her Mother England, is the parent of a wide-spread 
colonial system, not unworthy of comparison with that of Greek cities. A 
glance at the accompanying diagram will illustrate the wonderful evolution 
of New Haven.

The following table of contents will serve to indicate the scope and 
character of the topics treated in Mr. Levermore's History of New Haven:

CHAPTER I. The Genesis Of New Haven.--Davenport and Eaton.--Formation of a 
State.--Town-Meetings.--Fundamental Agreement.--Davenport's Policy.--
Theophilus Eaton. 
CHAPTER II. The Evolution of Town Government.--Social Order.--Town 
Courts.--The Quarters.--Military Organization.--The Watch.--The Marshal.--
The Town Drummer.--Minor Offices.--Roads.--Fences.--Cattle.--Supervisors.--
Doctor.--School-Teacher.--Viewers and Brewers.--The Townsmen.--Currency 
and Taxation. 
CHAPTER III. The Land Question.--Official Control over Alienations and 
Dwellings.--Divisions of the Outland.--New Haven a Village Community.--
Evolution of Subordinate Townships.--The Delaware Company. 
CHAPTER IV. The Union with Connecticut. The Birth of Newark.--A New Party 
within the Colony.--Terms of Admission of Strangers.--Increasing 
Importance of Townsmen.--The Village Question.--New Haven and the Restored 
Stuart.--Hegira to New Jersey. 
CHAPTER V. The Work of the Courts in Judicature and Legislation.--
Drunkenness.--Sabbath-breaking.--Spiritual Discouragements.--Quakers and 
Witches.--Lewdness.--Methods of Civil Procedure.--Legislation concerning 
Trade and Prices.--Arbitration.--Magisterial Interest in Trade.--Revival 
of the Common Law and English Usage. 
CHAPTER VI. New Haven a Connecticut Town, 1664--1700.--Changes in 
Constitution.--Hopkins Grammar School.--Minister's Tax.--Tithingmen.--
Justice of the Peace.--Divisions of Land.--Indian Reservations.--The 
Village Controversy.--Public Benevolence.--Indian Wars.--Villages again.--
Tyranny of Andros.--Local Enactments.--lntemperance.--Funeral Customs. 
CHAPTER VII. New Haven a Connecticut Town, 1700--1784.--The Quarrel with 
East Haven.--Yale College.--The Walpolean Lethargy.--Sale of the Town's 
Poor.--First Post-Office.--First Oyster Laws.--Sketch of the Town's 
Commerce.--The Approach of the Revolution.--New Haven during the War.--
Committees.--Articles of Confederation.--Treatment of Tories.--Final 
Division of the Township.--The Church the Germ of the Town. 
CHAPTER VIII. The Dual Government. Town And City. 1784--1886.--Town-Born 
vs. Interloper.--First Phases of City Politics.--First Charter.--
Description of the City.--Municipal Improvements.--Fire Department.--
Adornment of the Green.--Public Letters to the Presidents and Others.--
Downfall of Federalism.--Slavery and Abolition.--Municipal Growth.--
Sects.--Administrative Changes.--Windfall from Washington.--Liquor 
Traffic.--Light in the Streets.--High School.--Era of Railways.--Needs of 
the Poor.--The City Meeting.--Charter of 1857.--Town Officers.--City 
Improvement.--Police and Fire Departments.--In the Civil War.--Recent 
Charters.--Conservative Influences in the Community. 
CHAPTER IX. The Present Municipal Administration.--School District.--Town 
Government.--Town-Meeting.--Consolidation.--City Government.--City 
Judiciary.--City Executive.--City Legislature.--Legislative Control over 
the Commissions.--Conduct of Commissions.--Executive Organization.--
Administrative Courts.--Frequent Elections.--Board of Councilmen.--Choice 
of Aldermen.
Appendix A.--Mr. Pierson's Elegy. 
" B.--The Town of Naugatuck. 
" C.--Dr. Manasseh Cutler's Diary. 
" D.--A Town Court of Elections. New Haven, A. D. 1656.

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                               PHILADELPHIA

                                1681--1887:
                    A History of Municipal Development.

                                    BY
EDWARD P. ALLINSON, A. M., AND BOIES PENROSE, A. B., OF THE PHILADELPHIA 
BAR.

While several general histories of Philadelphia have been written, there 
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Departments at Philadelphia and Harrisburg have also been consulted, and 
important facts found therein are now for the first time published.

The development of the government of Philadelphia affords a peculiarly 
interesting study, and is full of instruction to the student of municipal 
questions. The first charter granted by the original proprietor, William 
Penn, created a close, self-elected corporation, consisting of the "Mayor, 
Recorder and Common Council," holding office for life. Such corporations 
survived in England from medieval times to the passage of the Reform Act 
of 1835. The corporation of Philadelphia possessed practically no power of 
taxation, and few and extremely limited powers of any kind. As the rapidly 
growing city required greater municipal powers, the legislature, instead 
of increasing the powers of the corporation which, being self-elected,
was held in distrust by the citizens, established from time to time 
various independent boards, commissions, and trusts for the control of 
taxation, streets, poor, etc. These boards were subsequently transformed 
into the city departments as they exist to-day. The State and municipal 
legislation, extending over two centuries, is extremely varied and 
frequently experimental. It affords instruction illustrative of almost 
every form of municipal expedient and constitution.

The development of the city government of Philadelphia has been carefully 
traced through many changes in the powers and duties of the mayor, in the 
election and powers of the subordinate executive officers, in the position 
and relation of the various departments, in the legislative and executive 
powers of councils, in the frequently shifting distribution of executive 
power between the mayor and councils, and in the procedure of councils. In 
1885 an Act of Assembly was passed providing for a new government for 
Philadelphia which embodies the latest ideas upon municipal questions.

The history of the government of the city thus begins with the medieval 
charter of most contracted character, and ends with the liberal provisions 
of the Reform Act of 1885. It furnishes illustrations of almost every 
phase of municipal development. The story cannot fail to interest all 
those who believe that the question of better government for our great 
cities is one of critical importance, and who are aware of the fact that 
this question is already receiving widespread attention. The subject had 
become so serious in 1876 that Governor Hartranft, in his message of that 
year, called the attention of the Legislature to it in the following 
succinct and forcible statement: "There is no political problem that at 
the present moment occasions so much just alarm and is obtaining more 
anxious thought than the government of cities."

The consideration of the subject naturally resolves itself into five 
sharply-defined periods, to each of which a chapter has been devoted, as 
indicated by the following summary, which, while not exhaustive, will 
suggest the general scope.

CHAPTER I. First Period, 1681--1701.--Founding of the city.--Functions of 
the Provincial Council--Slight but certain evidence of some organized city 
government prior to Penn's Charter. 
CHAPTER II. Second Period, 1701--1789.--Penn's authority.--Charter of 
1701.--Attributes of the Proprietary Charter; its medieval character.--
Integral parts of the corporation.--Arbitrary nature and limited powers.--
Acts of Legislature creating independent commissions.--Miscellaneous acts 
and ordinances.--The Revolution. --Abrogation of Charter.--Legislative 
government.--Summary. 
CHAPTER III. Third Period, 1789--1854.--Character of Second Charter.--
Causes leading to its passage.--A modern municipal corporation.--
Supplements.--Departments.--Concentration of authority.--Councils.--
Bicameral system adopted.--Officers, how appointed or elected.--
Diminishing powers of the mayor.--Introduction of standing committees.--
Finance.--Debt.--Revenue.--Review of the period. 
CHAPTER IV. Fourth Period, 1854--1887.--Act of consolidation.--Causes 
leading to its passage.--Features of New Charter.--Supplements.--Extent of 
territory covered by consolidation.--Character of outlying districts.--New 
Constitution. --Relation of city and county.--Summary of changes 
effected.--Twenty-five quasiindependent departments established.--
Encroachment of legislative upon executive powers.--Resulting Citizens' 
Reform movement.--Committee of one hundred.--Contracts.--Debt.--Delusive 
methods of finance.--Reform movement in councils.--Causes leading to the 
passage of the Bullit Bill.--Review of the period. 
CHAPTER V. Fifth Period.--Text of the Act of 1885.--History of the passage 
of the Bullit Bill.--Changes by it effected in the organic law.--
Conclusions.

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